Zika

Zika: What You Need to Know

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne illness caused by the Zika virus, primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. First identified in Uganda in 1947, Zika has since spread to various regions around the world, becoming a significant public health concern. The virus is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, including parts of Africa, Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, the Caribbean, Central and South America, and some areas in the southern United States.

 Symptoms and Health Impacts

Zika infection often results in mild symptoms, such as fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis (red eyes), which usually last for 2-7 days. However, many people infected with Zika may not show any symptoms at all. While the illness itself is generally mild, Zika poses significant risks during pregnancy. It can cause severe birth defects, such as microcephaly, and other congenital abnormalities, collectively known as congenital Zika syndrome. Additionally, Zika has been linked to neurological complications like Guillain-Barré syndrome, a rare condition that can lead to muscle weakness and paralysis.

 Prevention and Areas of Concern

Preventing Zika infection primarily involves avoiding mosquito bites, especially in regions where the virus is prevalent. This includes using insect repellent, wearing long-sleeved clothing, and ensuring living spaces are mosquito-proof. Pregnant women, in particular, should take extra precautions if traveling to areas where Zika is present, as the virus can be transmitted from mother to fetus.

Currently, no specific treatment or vaccine exists for Zika virus infection, making prevention the best strategy. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) regularly update travel advisories and health guidelines for regions where Zika is circulating.